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Edited by Fiona Copland and Sue Garton with Monika Davis, this is a book for primary school teachers of English.

The students must be motivated to speak, or need to speak in order to complete the activity. For the last couple of years, I've specialised in teaching children aged 6-10 (mainly at beginner level), but I don't see why some of these basic principles can't be applied to learners of any age.

Listening skills are hard to develop. Learners can do a variety of work before listening to help them understand.

These activities are all designed to motivate lower level learners to speak in pairs or small groups.

Reading and writing in a second language is a challenging task for any learner.

Extrinsic motivation is a motivation to learn caused by external pressures such as work, because a parent has sent a learner to class, or the need to gain a qualification in the language.