How should learners' own languages be used in the classroom?

Explore ideas for balancing use of learners' own language(s) and English in low-resource contexts with low-level learners.

group of smiling South Asian school children outside school

In this video, Janak discusses the use of learners' own language(s) in the classroom.

He points out that the English language level of students in Nepali-medium schools is very low and says they are unable to carry out even the most basic communication in English. The challenge teachers face is that use of English interferes with classroom communication, but use of the learners' own language(s) interferes with the development of communicative competence in English.

By establishing clear routines and classroom norms, teachers can instil in their learners a code of language use – for example, expecting use of English during pair or group work and simple communicative tasks, but allowing own-language use when discussing complex ideas or expressing learning anxieties.

Teachers can also regulate their own language use – for example, reverting to own language when giving complex instructions or dealing with disciplinary matters, but insisting on English when greeting learners or giving simple instructions. Janak explains how it is possible to achieve a balance between English and own-language use which will benefit learners and teachers alike.

Watch 'How should learners' own languages be used in the classroom'?

Reflection and discussion

One of the purposes of these resources is to help you with your own teacher development in related contexts. If possible, discuss the following questions with colleagues.

  • Should the teacher use English all the time in English class?
  • In what cases could they use the home language?  
  • Should we expect our learners to use English all the time in English class?
  • How can we encourage and support learners to answer questions in English, rather than in their home language?  
     

If this video is not available for viewing in your location, please click here.

The video was first published in 2016.

Comments

Submitted by nimramukhtar-98 on Mon, 01/26/2026 - 15:22

In this video, a balanced approach of teaching English has been described nicely. It will benefit both the students and teachers alike.
Thank you for this information.

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