With 'Knowing the subject', teacher educators need:
- proficiency in the subject, such as communicating effectively in English
- explicit knowledge about language systems, such as grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation
- subject–specific theoretical knowledge regarding teaching methods, student learning and assessment
- knowledge of a wide range of current teaching and learning resources (print and digital) that are available in the subject area
- awareness of key themes and findings in current research and professional debates in the subject area
