As an English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher do you use your students’ first language (L1) in the classroom?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using L1 in the L2 (target language) classroom?
“If we use L1 in language teaching, learners will become dependent on L1, and not even try to understand meaning from context and explanation, or express what they want to say within their limited command of the target language (L2).”
"A non-threatening environment is essential for L2 learners to learn the target language effectively and so L1 can be used by the teacher to some extent."
Do you agree or disagree with the above statements?
Should we completely avoid the use of L1 in the ESL/EFL class?
You are invited to share your views / experience with ELTeCS members?
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Hello Mr.Albert Rayan,
I am an EFL English teacher, because I teach in Brazil. What I have taken from some training courses I have participated and most of my classes is that the TEACHER ´must´ speak English all the time, but not threat STUDENTS to do the same.
We have to bear in mind that learning especially a language is a long-term process, not an ability that you insert in your students´ brain.
When my elementary students use their mother-tongue in classroom I deal with this very softly (even I dislike it) and try to incentivate them to use it naturally through some challengeble tasks, which they have to solve speaking freely.
In English classes around the world, I feel that most of the teachers care a lot about teching their students the subject matter itself, however they fail in teaching how they can communicate in English.
I hope you bring more subjects for discussion.
Thanks.
The discussion topic whether it is beneficial to use L1 in the L2 classroom was put on ELTeCS-ISL. One of the subscribers has sent the following comment.
Should we use L1 in the L2 classroom?
Experience suggests that it should be determined by the age group of the learner as well as the purpose of learning L2.Tn a class of under10s where imitation plays an important role, only L2 may be the best way of ensuring that L2 is taught and learnt. However, if we are in a class where the average age is above 15 I think the teacher should use only L1 but the learner should be allowed to use both till he finds himself in a comfortable position vis-a-vis the learner-group. No ideal time frame can be fixed for this.
The purpose of learning would be crucial in determining the motivation level.As in the Indian context, motivation is at a very low level, using only L2 may retard the process rather than facilitate it.
Indira Nityanandam
Dear Mr Albetrayan,
I am very sorry to interact with you rather late. I am the convener of ELTAI, E.G Dt chapter,A.P. I saw you and heard your speech in chennai during the 4th international conference. Dr elango came to kakinada and opened our chapter in august last year of eltecs i am able to blog for BC. Thanks a lot for you.
I think that the use of mother tongue depends on the level and background of the learners. I teach in a govt high school where both english and telugu medium exist. I teach differently because of the difference in the medium of instuction. In the english medium classes the children learn nonlanguage subjects also in english. but in the regional medium classes the students learn english as subject only. So both the teacher and the students tend to use more mother tongue and less english.
Anyhow i feel that the teacher should use very simple and idiomatic english in the class so that the children improve their listening skills. later the teacher should lead the studentls to other skills. Unfortunately the evaluation system is examination oriented. I think there should be change in the materials,methods,men. evaluation and mind set of the policy makers,teachers and students. Until then acquisition of english in our educational institutions is a distant dream.
I hope you will read my blogs 1.learning and acuisition are different and 2.Narrative as a pedagogic tool and if possible other blogs and forum topics.
With kind regards,
yORS SINCERELY,
jvl narasimha rao
Strict use of L2 is very disadvantageous to L2 learning. Apart from the fact that it discourages learner participation, it implies that the students L1 is inferior to the L2, hence it is not allowed (of course this does not apply in certain contexts). In South Africa, many (or can I say most) people can speak at least more than 2 (I can speak 6) official South African languages out of 11. All languages are equal (but there some that have been lucky enough - eg English & Afrikaans - to serve well in certain occassions than others), and, where feasible, can be used as the medium of instruction until grade 12.
When I was teaching (I'm not teaching now, I'm a fulltime student) it never occured that I would used the students', L1 even though some of my coleagues did use the students L1. I think it is more beneficial to explain or give examples in the students L1. It is not taking anything from them but helps them understand better. However, it might not be a wise move to conduct the entire English lesson in the students' L1, as this will deprive them of the opportunity to receive input in the target language.
Vukile
I would like to share my present experience with students down South ( Kerala )
I shifted to Kerala from Mumbai four years back. The educational system down here is horrible, without the slightest exaggeration. As of now, any student who is serious about his career, needs to have an excellent command over all areas of the English Language. I was initially training candidates for placing them in the BPO industry for three years. I trained close to 350 students during this span of time. Most of the students came from vernacular backgrounds and the second category of students were from schools, where speaking the English Language was mandatory. I never allowed the use of L1 in the class. My inputs were in the English Language and likewise I made them come out and speak in the English Language, even though the resistance was very high. I also noticed that the second category of students were more or less on par with the first group, in terms of their speaking skills. I probed into this and I was told that they were totally alienated by their classmates whenever they communicated in the English Language. Moreover the society has conditioned the minds of students to such an extent, that they virtually detest the English Language, fully knowing the harsh reality that their entire career will be spoilt.
I used to make it very clear to all the batches, that the communication in the class should purely be in the English Language and more importantly they need to think in English. The students down here think in their mother tongue and then translate it into English, which will obviously make no sense. I was ruthless on this particular aspect and the results were a mixed bag. I had lot of dropouts on one hand and on the other hand I also had participants taking it up as a challenge and putting their heart and soul into the learning process.
I always used to tell them to keep the basic structure in mind, as in, Subject + Verb + Object. I used to highlight the importance of thinking in English, by taking a simple sentence, as in, "I love you"
When they think in their mother tongue and then translate it into English the sentence becomes "I you love"
I personally feel, there has to be a radical change in the mindset of people, which I do not see happening. Over the last four years, I have seen numerous cases of excellent teacher trainers, who gave it up and went back to their home ground, due to these issues. From my end, I ensure that I do my job with commitment and dedication, and the satisfaction of seeing a student totally change, keeps me motivated.
Dear Dr Albert Rayan,
Thank you very much for your comments.I was selected as one of the text book writers for SCERT,HYDERABAD.I am leaving for RIE,Mysore on 28th december to participate in a work shop to be conducted by NCERT, NEWDELHI.YOUR topic is very useful to me.In a multilingual country like india we can't do away with the influence and use of mother tongue in the english class room.Some constructivists like Professor Anandan from kerala feels that code switching can be used at the primary level.He thinks that code switching can be used when the thoughts of the children are streamlined.At that time language and the thought is the same.
Anyhow using mother tongue is not a sin but it may facilitate the acquisition of thetarget language, english if we use it sparingly and judiciously.
With kind regards,
Yours sincerely,
JVL NARASIMHA RAO
Im my opinion, the excessive use of L1 may jeopardize the learning process since the students will tend to use their mother tongue whenever they find difficulty in commmunicating in L2. The use of L1 in classroom should be the last resort. for example when the teacher needs to explain abstract concepts that would be time consuming to be done in L2.